1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  
 
(     )
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.             
2.               
-
3.              ?
4.           
-
5.        ?  
2
Easy2Siksha
6.            
?  
-
7.          
8. 
              ?
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU  -2023
/ 5  
 
(     )
  : 3   :100
:     -     ,            
       
-
1.             
;        , ,      
                 
      ,               
 
                
 , ,            
,         ,   
     ,   
      

1.    ?
  " "           
  ""       ""  ""    "",  
     "  "        
           
,   , , 
    
        :
   ?
4
Easy2Siksha
         ?
    ?
       
         
  
2.    
       ,   ""     
             ,     
      ,   , ,       
  ?
       :
      ?  , ""   
   
   ,   ""   
          
         '     ?    
  " "        ,        ,
                  
    -            , 
 '
 ,          
3. :   ?
             
 
   ""      ?    ,      ? 
      
      ?
    :
:               
          
:        '    
               

          ,    
   
,     

      -      

                  ,
        -       
,           
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Easy2Siksha
4.     
   ,           

          ,      
     
       :
       ?          ,  
                
-            
  

        
    ?        ,     
   ?   (      )   
(         )    
  ,         -
  ,     '    

         , 
      
,            
5.    
          
     
     ,   
         ?
  :
      '   ,   
   
   
   ?
 
        ,        ?
        ,     
            
     '            
            
6.    
             ,  ?  
          '   ,        

  ?
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Easy2Siksha
       :
     ?           
       ,   ,   '
  ,        ,   
  
        '   ?  ,    
  ,     ,             


  ?
              
             
     
'     '   

7.     
               ,  
,          ,      
   :
    ?      ,          ?
         ?     
     ,          
          
     
              
  ,         ,     
        
8.   
            
              ,
 ""    
      (  ,  ,
  )     
              ,   
,  
  :     ""       
            , " "      
      
7
Easy2Siksha
  :            
      ,         
 

     ,      
  , ,  
         

    , ,          
   , , ,         ,
                  
 , 
   ,         
                 
 

          
2.               
:        ,  ,      
                 
      ,               
 
                
 , ,            
,         ,   
     ,   
      

1.    ?
  " "           
  ""       ""  ""    "",  
     "  "        
           
,   , , 
    
        :
   ?
         ?
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Easy2Siksha
    ?
       
         
  
2.    
       ,   ""     
             ,     
      ,   , ,       
  ?
       :
      ?  , ""   
   
   ,   ""   
          
         '     ?    
  " "        ,        ,
                  
    -            , 
 '
 ,          
3. :   ?
             
 
   ""      ?    ,      ? 
      
      ?
    :
  :              
          
 :       '    
               

          ,    
   
,     

      -      

                  ,
        -       
,           
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4.     
   ,           

          ,      
     
       :
       ?          ,  
                
-            
  

        
    ?        ,     
   ?   (      )   
(         )    
  ,         -
  ,     '    

         , 
      
,            
5.    
          
     
     ,   
         ?
  :
      '   ,   
   
   
   ?
 
        ,        ?
        ,     
            
     '            
            
6.    
             ,  ?  
          '   ,        

  ?
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Easy2Siksha
       :
     ?           
       ,   ,   '
  ,        ,   
  
        '   ?  ,    
  ,     ,             


  ?
              
             
     
'     '   

7.     
               ,  
,          ,      
   :
    ?      ,          ?
         ?     
     ,          
          
     
              
  ,         ,     
        
8.   
            
              ,
 ""    
      (  ,  ,
  )     
              ,   
,  
:     ""       
            , " "      
      
11
Easy2Siksha
:            
      ,         
 

     ,      
  , ,  
         

    , ,          
   , , ,         ,
                  
 , 
   ,         
                 
 

          
-
3.              ?
:     
       ,       
                 
         ,          -
     ,  ,       
      
  -             :
1.   :               
 ,           
 ,     
2.   :  ,         
        ,     
      
3.  :             , 
            ,    
        
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      
            
    ,           
 
1.      
              , 
      Occam           
  ,        '     
   ,   (   )   (   ) 
,          ,       
    
 ,   ,        
   ,            
2.   
 ,      -,   
      ,   ,         
          
 ,  -  
       
             
         .
 ,   ,      ,    
              
,      
3.    
,   '     ,    
              ,  
    :
 :       - ,      
  ?  ,    (     )
   (   )     ?
              

    -  
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4.       
              
      
             , 
     ,         
,             ,    
     -  
   ,        
            
  ,        ,     , 
   
5.   
               
 
   , 
       (  ) 

  ,            
   -         
6.      -  
  ,       '   
   
     ( )  
(   )     
           
            
""  
          
7.   
            
    '  
    -  
 
 ,     ,     '  
 
,    ,  ,   -    
             
     
 
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Easy2Siksha
    
     ,      
   
   :
1.       ( )     
             
 ,  ,        

   ,  
     ""   
      '      
  
2.           
          ,  
  
     ?        
   ,           
3.      ,    
   ,           ""
  ,           ?

  ,    ,      
            
             
          ,  , 
   ,          
   
,          ,     
           
    
       ,       -
       ,      ,  
      
4.           
:    (    )
   -           
  ,   (   )   ,     
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Easy2Siksha
  ,            
  ,   -  , ,      
      ,       ,  
        
   ?
           
  -
, -                
     ,        , , , 
         -     
  ,     '   ,    
    ,     , ,      
  ,              
,    
 
       
   
         :
1.   
            
  
,            -   
      , , -, ,     
     ,            
 ( ,  ,    ),  ,   
  
 ,      ,    (    )
  ,      (   )  ,     
 
        ' -   .
2.    
       ,      
     
     ,        ,    
      -  ,       
-    ,          ' -
  ,        - ,   
, -, ,       
    
 ,    ,         
 ,                
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Easy2Siksha
                 
 
 
3. - 
     - ,       
          
    ,   
              
(   )        
 
 ,       ,    ,    
        
      '   
              -  

   
4.         
              
 
         ,       
     ,      '  
 -   
      
 ,    ,      
         ,     -
           
5.       
         
    
  
,     
     
                 
       '        
 ,  ,          ,
     ,        ,   
       
6.   
      - , ,    -  
    --     "-"    ,
 "-"              '  
          
 ,   , -     
        ,       
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Easy2Siksha
               
 
           
    
   -       ,        
:
1.   
               
 -         ,    
 
   ,       
       -  (    )     
       ,         
    (,   )
2.    
  ,            
 
     ,   
  ,  , 
             
    ,            
   
3.     
               ,    
         
   ,  
        , ,     -
    ,          ,   
      

4.    
     
         
,             
    
               -
    ,  -       
    -     
   
             ,  
      :
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Easy2Siksha
   :            , 
      ,         
     
   :         '    
         
  :    ,     
    ,         
 
 

 ,           -  
,   -           
       -     
  
             , 
, -  -   -    
       '    ,  

   ,   -  '   ,  
 ,              
      ,     '     
          
-
5.        ?  
:      
                
 '         ,        
              

1.    

               
   
  '      , , ,   
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Easy2Siksha
      , 
         
 (       
 !)    , 
    

   :             
     , 
            ,      
   
2.       ( )
    ,           (
" "   )     
  ,      
,    
  


  ,     
          '    ,  
            ,      
 
  
 ,         
    

;   , 
            
  
3.      
 " "      -        
    ,            
     (      )     ,    
  '      
 , ,        
       
   , 
           , " "
 ""           
4.  
   '     ,        
               , 
         , 
         
    -     
,          ,      
                
 '     ,      
    
  -              
20
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5.      
        
  
  
 , ,     '    -     
               ,
      '   
 ,  
        ,  
  
  -  '      (  ,    
'  )     , 
         100
  '  
6.    
               
          
      
    -       ,     
       

 , 
              
,    
     
,      
 
  , 
         ,  
  
        -      
     

7.      
            ,     
            
 
        
   
 ,  "    ?"   '     
 
   
    ,      
      '    ,   '  
            
    
 :              
    
     " "      
              
   ,          
   
    
  :             
                  
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Easy2Siksha
      
        
,  
   ,            

 
   -    
,      
    
     ""   
 :             
       
       
""    , 
 
        
,    
  
           -
     ,     ,     
          
  
 '   , 
      100%  
 
    
,            ,  
  ,          '     
 ,           '    
        -         
     '  
;    '      
      
     :   
         ,    
           ,    
      , -  '   , 
         
            
        -        
   ,    ,           

 

 ,              
               , 
  ,   ' ,        
  
,            , 
           
    ,         
 
22
Easy2Siksha
6.            
?  
:        
 ,    
    ,  ,     
    ,   ,         
         "  "  ""  
  ,   '     -  
 ,               
  
1.   ?
             
    , 
          --   

   ,  
          ' 
   ,      
  
; 
    
           
    
      

     ,     
 ,
     
2. -       
-          
a) 
 ,    ,           
        ,         
   , ",  " ("  ,   ")     
     '      ,     
       
 , ,            , 
     ,      
 
  -
 
b)  
 ,  ,          
          
  -  
 ,  ,
  ,          
   
,  
       
,    

    '     
      

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c)   
              
         ,  
   ,  
        
   ,     
  
     '         
       ,        
3.      

        ,      
 
a) -
                      -
  '     ,  "     " 
   
  '   ,         
      ,         
  
  -       
     
 
b) - 
 - ,      '  
   
 
  '  ,             
   
        
      
   
 
c)   
 ,              
 '   ,            
           ,  "2+2=4"
     2       
;    '
 
d)  
        ,      
     '   ,             
             ,       
,  
  '        ,      
         
 
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4.   
                , 
       '  
a) 
                '
    ,           ,  
        '  ,      '   
      '       
 
          
b)    
              
  ,           ,   
     ,       ,   
  -    
c)    
                  
         ,    
  '     '    ,      '
      
d)    
   ,     
   

         ,  
     
 
                 
   
5.      
  ,         
 ,    
      ,  ,    
 '                 
           
   ,         ,   - 
 (          
 ),    

    '          
    '   
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6.   
     ,        
    
                    
 ,              
                , 
     
7. 
  ,              
   ,           
        ,   ,  , 
 '  
 
    ,           

                , 

      ,       ,
  '      ,        

 ,      ,         
  ,    -         
               
      
-
7.          
::    
       ,    '      
         
,     '    
  ,           19
 20
    ,         ,   
 -   '     
           
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1.      
     ,      -     
        -    ()   
 ;
  ,    
        
  
 
    :

          
 

   
          ' 
    
 
 ,    
        

    
,  
 ,      
 
2.     
   '               
        
          
     ,         
  ,      :

      
        
         
            
     

      (  , ,  ) '  

 
 -    -  
3. 
" "                 
  ,      
    , 
          ,         


     :

  '       
,         

,     
    
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 ,   ,        ,  
           ,       
 '               ,  
              
         ,  
     
     ,      
4.  
            '    
 , ,     '        
,       
   :
           
 ,     
       
              , 
      ,   - 


  '       
       
               
5.    

      '   ,   ( "") 
      
   
     
                ,   
     
 ,       
         
      
    , 
    
   
          
  ,              
          
 , 
            
  
 , 
     
     ,   
,    ,            
       
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6.    
              
          -    
         
       ,
     '           ,    
  
    :
        -   
  ,   -   
   

  
 ,              
,         
    ,   
      ,     
7.  
              '  
                 
 ,   ,           
  ,              
  
           
    
   :
        
          
.
   '             
    
           "  
?"  "    
?"   ,      -  
;   
  '   
8.   
         
   ,    
                  

             
 
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 :
  ,         
 
                
   

 
    ,             
 -     
      ,   
      
   
 
   
       :
- :            ' ,
"   "      "    "   , 
             

 :    - '      '
 , "   ,"          
     -   
 :         '     
  '     ,   " "  "  
,"             
 :   ""          
              '
 

     ,            ,
       ,           
  
     ,       ,
          '    '  

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8. 
              ?
::      
         19
   ,   '
  ,  ,        
  ,     -   '     
    '     ,     
               
 
   ,      :      ?
        ,      
 ,         
1.         
           :
a)      

             ,    
           '    
     ,         '  
              '    
           ,     
 ,          
 :             ,
               ,
      (    ')    
,               
   ,          ,  
     
       
   
b)             
                
                ' 
  ,            
 :   '   
    
,             
             
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Easy2Siksha
           ,    
 
c)          
 ,   ,          
                
    
.    '         
    
 :     ,       
        ,       
  ,        -     
d)         
   '          
    
     '      ,    '    
                  
            
 :               
      ,      
           
 
 
 ,   
 ,       

e)    
  ,       ,      
  
        
,     
          
   , 
     
 :           ,  
               
    
        
            
 
2.     
a)     (1839-1914)
             
,           ,     
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      ,          ,  
              
 : 
        ""     ,
        
         
        ""    
b)   (1842-1910)
      '        
       '           
  -                  
     '            
   ,     '          ' 
  
 :           , 
       ,       
   ,      '    
c)   (1859-1952)
        ,        
                ' 
               
,
            -
           
 :      ,  
          '  
        
3.         
   '         , , -
       '         
           '  
a)   
  ,  -          
    -        
    
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 :   ,        

  ,     ,      -   
 ,        
b)     -
    '       
             
               
 
 :    ,  -    -
     ,       ,   
       
c)   
              
                
,   ',              
  
 :            
      ,        
      - 
 
4.     
        ,         
            '       
  ,                  
        '       
a)   
              -    
      
          
   ,            
    
 :            
      ,         
 
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Easy2Siksha
b)      
              
          '      
 '  
,       

5. 
        ,     -
   '          '    
,              
     '          
  , ,    -  '      ,
            
      , 
          
       '       , 
              
       '
:       Ai      ( )       
        , 
  '         